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"Naturally, every age thinks that all ages before it were prejudiced, and today we think this more than ever and are just as wrong as all previous ages that thought so. How often have we not seen the truth condemned! It is sad but unfortunately true that man learns nothing from history." - Carl Jung

Mar 18, 2011

History: The earliest evidence of culture

When Archeologists do their digs looking for artifacts or fossils, they can only find what is made of stone or is preserved somehow as a fossil or frozen in ice. Accordingly we now have the most extensive collection of stone tools and weapons going back far into antiquity. This has led some to believe that stone was the only material all human races have ever used or maybe just the first material that we mastered which has led to the term ‘stone age’. Joseph Campbell mentions that wood is probably the oldest material humans have ever used as it’s easily available and is still used almost exclusively by hunter-gatherer groups that have survived to our age. It is also the easiest to re-use in another construction or for burning (firewood) and it is easily lost from our historical (archeological) record through decay.[note: can’t find the exact quote but have some more recent authoritive evidence] Could our earliest houses, weapons and even jewelry have been made of wood? After all, we don’t need stone to make an arrow or a spear.

Our recent archeological discoveries are simply mind-blowing and though there is currently no evidence of wooden jewelry or wooden musical instruments (how difficult would it be to make a wooden lute/guitar with a box and some appropriately prepared animal hair?) from our deep deep past, we may yet find some as the following presentation of evidence and examples will show.

Wood does decay but it also gets preserved by accident. First take a look at this 10,000 year old wooden spear-like object found in some melting ice:



Craig Lee, of the University of Colorado Boulder, holds a 10,000-year-old atlatl dart that had been frozen in an ice sheet near Yellowstone National Park. The dart was straight when it was entombed and became bowed from the melting and barely survived being snapped in half by a passing animal. What looked like a small branch that blew off a tree during a storm turned out to be an ancient wooden hunting weapon wielded by Paleo Indians. The 10,000-year-old atlatl dart was discovered in a melting patch of ice high in the Rocky Mountains close to Yellowstone National Park.

Next consider the wooden spears found even longer ago (400,000 years!)

Gamble cites wooden spears found preserved in a bog at Schöningen, Germany, and are associated with horse bones. Dated to 400,000 years ago, the spears provide the first hard evidence of human hunting and are weighted at the ends to be thrown like a javelin.

"I just wonder whether the Schöningen spears were ever used. Yes, there are horses at the site, but are the tips of the spears damaged? You'd think spears like that would break after they'd been jammed in a few horses," muses Gamble. For heidelbergensis, tools and hunting weapons may have played an important role in social display, one that we don't yet fully understand and may even border on ritual.

"They may have been more interested in making things as a demonstration of who they were and what was important to them. Killing horses was probably something they did once a week," Gamble remarks.

"It is very hard to get colleagues to accept evidence of ritual for early humans," says Bermúdez de Castro.   BBC

To say there are signs of ritual or culture is one thing but to actually begin to describe how they must have performed a possible ritual is a little absurd. To compare with modern tribes in some way to draw some logical conclusions about possible meanings of the rituals or possible lifestyles of ancient humans is more appropriate.

No matter what we now know that ancient man did use wood in hunting and probably in other spheres of life. Since wood is easiest to form or build with it is possible that every stone advance came after a development that was earlier and based in wood.

For example, check out this hunter-gatherer group, their 'huts' are made solely of wood and leaves;


They are not living in caves, (though I’m sure if they were facing horrible weather they would lose their housing and end up in any caves available to them) and their little thatched houses would rot away with time so that people living 10,000 years from now would find no evidence of them, plus if there is any change in environmental or geographical conditions they would provide great firewood. With the rise and fall of the ice ages (and local catastrophes that must have been associated with large changes in weather throughout history) such evidence of human culture would be completely wiped out.

The article explains;

Because humans lived as hunter-gatherers for 95 percent of their species' history, current foraging societies provide the best window for viewing human social evolution, according to the authors. Given that, the researchers focused on co-residence patterns among more than 5,000 individuals from 32 present-day foraging societies around the globe, including the Gunwinggu, Labrador Inuit, Mbuti, Apache, Aka, Ache, Agta and Vedda.

A major point in the study is that foraging bands contain several individuals completely unconnected by kinship or marriage ties, yet include males with a vested interest in the offspring of daughters, sisters and wives.

"The increase in human network size over other primates may explain why humans evolved an emphasis on social learning that results in cultural transmission," said Hill. "Likewise, the unique composition of human ancestral groups promotes cooperation among large groups of non-kin, something extremely rare in nature."

The group's findings appear in the paper "Co-Residence Patterns in Hunter-Gatherer Societies Show Unique Human Social Structure." It is the first published analyses of adult co-residence patterns in hunter-gatherer societies based on census data rather than post-marital residence typologies, Hill noted.

Notice how flexible these groups of human are. They aren’t bound to a small tribe for life but rather a system of tribes that together form a large social system. Here we find a modern counterpart to what an ancient culture of small hunter-gatherer groups could look like.

In fact, even in the large cultural groupings of the North American Apaches or Sioux or Cherokee we can see possible echoes of an ancient system of cultural organization that maximized the resources of the land and the practice of the hunt by forming small groups that could live together without adversely affecting their food supply. They use stone but notice how much of their technology revolves around wood. At the same time these North American hunter-gatherers would have large social meetings where two or more small tribes celebrate some event. Could this be a practice that is natural to any human culture going back through the millennia?

What about the hunt? To hunt you need to track animal footprints, understand its habits, prepare a trap or have some skill in killing it effectively and have the ability to communicate this body of knowledge to youngsters, i.e. language. The Apache teach the whole role a youngster is expected to play using stories which we call their 'religion' or mythology. Every primitive tribe has such stories that explain and train the young ones. Why not ancient humans?

The theme of language and the hints of the existence of a human culture and society can be been clearly in the development of the hand ax, as Campbell explains;

Olduvai Handaxe

Indeed, some excavations (for example, those of L. S. B. Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in the north of Tanganyika) have revealed in perfect sequence every stage of the evolution of the hand ax from the pebble tools of man’s first beginnings to the finely finished, really elegant axes of the period of the Neanderthal. And if the view into the depth of the well of time that we obtained in the South of France was great, this of Olduvai is simply beyond speech. But what is even more amazing than the profundity of the prehistoric past here illustrated is the broad diffusion over the face of the earth of exactly the same ax forms as those of Paleolithic East Africa. As Dr. Carleton S. Coon has remarked: “During the quarter of a million years when man made these tools, the styles changed very little, but what changes were made are to be seen everywhere… This means that human beings who lived half a million years ago were able to teach their young skills that they had learned from their fathers in most minute detail, as living Australians and Bushmen do. Such teaching requires both speech and a firm discipline, and the uniformity of hand-ax styles over wide areas means that members of neighboring groups must have met together at stated intervals to perform together acts that require the use of these objects. In short, human society was already a reality when the hand-ax choppers of the world had begun to turn out a uniform product.

All of which speaks volumes for the force and reach of diffusion in the primitive world.

Moreover, what is perhaps more remarkable still is that some of the most beautiful of the symmetrically chipped hand axes of this period are as much as two feet long, a size too cumbersome for practical use; the only possible conclusion being that they must have served some ceremonial function . Professor Coon has suggested that such axes were not practical tools but sacred objects, comparable to the ceremonial tools and weapons of later days, “used only seasonally, when wild food was abundant enough to support hundreds of persons at one place and one time. Then the old men,” he supposes, “would cut the meat for the assembled multitude with some of these heavy and magnificent tools,” after which, like the magically powerful tjurungas of the Australians, the sacred implements would be stored in some holy place. Primitive Mythology by Joseph Campbell, Page 364

Giant Stone Axes

In Campbell’s time the debate of when the human species first appeared on our planet was considered to be about a half a million years ago.
The African finds that have most recently stirred the halls of science are roughly (very roughly) dated at the commencement of the Pleistocene or Ice Age, circa 600,000 B.C.; and at the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, held at the University of Pennsylvania in 1956, Dr. Raymond Dart of Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, South Africa, showed a convincing series of slides in which the implements of this pre-lithic (pre-Stone Age) culture were illustrated. These included the lower jaw bones of large antelopes, which had been cut in half to be used as saws and knives; gazelle horns with part of the skull attached, which showed distinct signs of wear and tear use, possibly as digging tool; and a great number of ape-man palates with the teeth worn down – human palates being used to this day as scrapers by some of the natives of the area. Primitive Mythology by Joseph Campbell, Page 359
In our time evidence of the use of jaw bones of animals to cut and eat meat (indicating the hunt was developed) goes back even further. The following extracts bring Joseph Campbell’s archeological survey up to date. The last article I’m presenting in full as I think that it represents the border of our current archeological acceptance of the existence of a species that has the distinct behavior patterns that can be called human. Hunting (involving tool making such as wooden spears, the need for speech for communication of the techniques of the hunt and passing on of the art of the hunt – i.e. how to make the spears/arrows(?) or just a way to trap an animal and drop rocks on it or push it over a cliff), walking upright and taking care of the members of the tribe. Lucy, whose people are at the forefront of archeological theory as the possible first humans, was found in the geological layer indicating an age of about 3 million years. 
From About.com
The Stone Age (known to scholars as the Paleolithic era) in human prehistory is the name given to the period between about 2.5 million and 20,000 years ago. It begins with the earliest human-like behaviors of crude stone tool manufacture, and ends with fully modern human hunting and gathering societies. The Paleolithic is the earliest archaeology; anything older is paleontology. Today scholars divide the Paleolithic into three categories, more or less as follows. 
Lower Paleolithic (sometimes called the Early Stone Age) 
The Lower Paleolithic lasted between 2.5 million-200,000 years ago (or at least according to one permutation), and it was when the Hominin ancestors of human beings, including Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus and Homo ergaster, roamed most of the earth and began making the first stone tools.
ScienceDaily (Feb. 11, 2011) — A fossilized foot bone recovered from Hadar, Ethiopia, shows that by 3.2 million years ago human ancestors walked bipedally with a modern human-like foot, a report that appears Feb. 11 in the journal Science, concludes. The fossil, a fourth metatarsal, or midfoot bone, indicates that a permanently arched foot was present in the species Australopithecus afarensis, according to the report authors, Carol Ward of the University of Missouri, together with William Kimbel and Donald Johanson, of Arizona State University'sInstitute of Human Origins. 
The research helps resolve a long-standing debate between paleoanthropologists who think A. afarensis walked essentially as modern humans do and those who think this species practiced a form of locomotion intermediate between the quadrupedal tree-climbing of chimpanzees and human terrestrial bipedalism.



Ancient Cut Marks Reveal Far Earlier Origin of Butchery By Kate Wong


Researchers working in Ethiopia's remote Afar region have recovered evidence that humans began using stone tools and eating meat far earlier than previously thought. The finds—cut-marked animal bones dating to nearly 3.4 million years ago—push the origin of butchery back a stunning 800,000 years. Furthermore, these ancient butchers were not members of our own genus, Homo, but the more primitive Australopithecus, specifically A. afarensis, the species to which the celebrated Lucy fossil belongs.

Scientists have typically viewed tool use as the purview of Homo. Indeed, in 1964 Kenyan paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey and his colleagues named the earliest Homo species, H. habilis ("handy man"), for its association with stone tools. Subsequent finds have since extended the evidence of stone tool use back to between 2.5 million and 2.6 million years ago. But exactly which member of the human family made and wielded these older tools was unclear, both because no human remains turned up in direct association with the tools and animal bones, and more than one human species lived in the area at this time. The earliest example of a clear association between humans and tools dated to 2.3 million years ago, and the human remains belonged to an early Homo species.

Still, archaeologists suspected that earlier stone tools remained to be discovered, because these examples seemed too advanced to represent humanity's first foray into tool manufacture. "Nearly everyone that works with the earliest stone tool industries at between 2.3 [million] and 2.5 million years has commented on the surprisingly high level of skill and understanding that we see in these early knappers. Most have predicted that something older will be found," says archaeologist Shannon P. McPherron of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.

That hunch helped motivate McPherron and his colleagues, who have been working at a site in the Afar region called Dikika—just a few kilometers from the Lucy site—to look in older geologic deposits in the area for earlier evidence of stone tool use or manufacture. They were rewarded with bones from two animals—one cow-size and another goat-size—that display cutmarks and percussion marks indicative of flesh removal and marrow extraction with stone tools. McPherron, along with Dikika Research Project leader Zeresenay Alemseged of the California Academy of Sciences and their collaborators, describe their discovery in an August 12 paper in Nature (Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group).

Because the earliest Homo remains date to just 2.3 million years ago, scientists can be certain that an australopithecine made the cut marks on the 3.4-million-year-old Dikika bones. And because the only human species that is known to have lived in the Dikika area during this time period is A. afarensis, it seems reasonably certain that this species in particular butchered the bones. (The A. afarensis remains found at Dikika include a spectacularly well-preserved skeleton of a youngster, popularly dubbed "Lucy's baby.")

Australopithecines had teeth and jaws that were in many ways adapted for eating fruit, seeds and other plant foods. "[The discovery] shows that meat was added to the diet earlier than we had thought," McPherron observes, although he notes that it is difficult to say what portion of the diet was meat. "We could now be looking at an extended period of time when hominins were including meat in their diet and experimenting with the use of stone tools."

Although the Dikika finds prove that A. afarensis was using tools, whether they were fashioning implements from stone or just picking up sharp-edged rocks from the landscape and using those to carve up the carcasses remains unknown, because no stone tools have turned up at the site. Future discoveries may resolve this question. They may also reveal the extent to which Lucy and her kin relied on stone gadgetry, setting the stage for developments that would profoundly impact the course of human evolution.


"This discovery dramatically shifts the known time frame of a game-changing behavior for our ancestors,"Alemseged remarked in a prepared statement. "Tool use fundamentally altered the way our early ancestors interacted with nature, allowing them to eat new types of food and exploit new territories. It also led to tool-making—a critical step in our evolutionary path that eventually enabled such advanced technologies as airplanes, MRI machines and iPhones."
Posted by Abe at 6:15 AM
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  • Trump Brags About His Test For Dementia As If It Were An Actual Intelligence Test Proving He's Too Mentally Handicapped To Handle ANY Real Job That Isn't Being A Janitor!
    Related: Trump Is Crazy. There's No Denying It. Just Accept It. We Have A Completely Mad President And A Party That Wants A Mad Man In O...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 3
     Related: How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 2 Media Matters:  Sunday show coverage of COVID-19 relief neg...
  • Trump's Top 100 Scandals That The Trump Presidential Library Is Going To Have To Explain Away
    Trump’s 100 Most Tremendous Scandals | The Daily Social Distancing Show Whittled down from a list of 35,000, here are Donald Trump’s 100 Mos...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 1
    Related:  Media Matters Proves Corporate Media's Journalists Aren't Real Journalists Media Matters:  Senate Republicans waited until...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 8 (Helping Cover Up GOP Discrimination Against Jews)
    Background: 1.  How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 7 2.  Media Fear Offending Right Wing America While The ...
  • "Accuse The Other Of Which You Are Guilty" - GOP's Nazi Mirror Tactic Example 2 - Mitch McConnell
    Context/Background: 1.  Fox News Are Just White Supremacists Using "The Nazi Mirror Tactic" Being Given A Free Pass By The Media ...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 4
     Related: How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 3 Media Matters: Republicans refused to engage on COVID-19 rel...

Popular Posts (Last 30 Days)

  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 9 (Promoting A Fundamentalist Domestic Terror Group)
    Background/Context: 1.  How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 8 (Helping Cover Up GOP Discrimination Against J...
  • Trump Is Crazy. There's No Denying It. Just Accept It. We Have A Completely Mad President And A Party That Wants A Mad Man In Office For Personal Gain!
    Background/Context: 1 -  The GOP's Strategy Has ALWAYS Been To Pick An Idiot For President 2 -  GOP Acquits Trump With No Witnesses, B...
  • Trump's Top 100 Scandals That The Trump Presidential Library Is Going To Have To Explain Away
    Trump’s 100 Most Tremendous Scandals | The Daily Social Distancing Show Whittled down from a list of 35,000, here are Donald Trump’s 100 Mos...
  • Trump Brags About His Test For Dementia As If It Were An Actual Intelligence Test Proving He's Too Mentally Handicapped To Handle ANY Real Job That Isn't Being A Janitor!
    Related: Trump Is Crazy. There's No Denying It. Just Accept It. We Have A Completely Mad President And A Party That Wants A Mad Man In O...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 8 (Helping Cover Up GOP Discrimination Against Jews)
    Background: 1.  How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 7 2.  Media Fear Offending Right Wing America While The ...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 3
     Related: How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 2 Media Matters:  Sunday show coverage of COVID-19 relief neg...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 1
    Related:  Media Matters Proves Corporate Media's Journalists Aren't Real Journalists Media Matters:  Senate Republicans waited until...
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 4
     Related: How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 3 Media Matters: Republicans refused to engage on COVID-19 rel...
  • "Accuse The Other Of Which You Are Guilty" - GOP's Nazi Mirror Tactic Example 2 - Mitch McConnell
    Context/Background: 1.  Fox News Are Just White Supremacists Using "The Nazi Mirror Tactic" Being Given A Free Pass By The Media ...
  • Is The Missing Link Between Man And Ape Psychological? Since We All Seemed To Have Evolved From The Same Root/Source Species?
    Related:   Animals And Humans Share DNA, A Nervous System, Intelligence, Creativity And Emotions Ape psychology reveals some clues to how ou...

Introduction To Culture

  • What is the difference between culture and society?
  • History: The earliest evidence of ritual and myth part 1
  • The earliest evidence of ritual and myth part 2
  • Daniel Quinn’s theories on culture and civilization part 1
  • Daniel Quinn’s theories on culture and civilization part 2
  • Daniel Quinn’s theories on culture and civilization part 3
  • Daniel Quinn’s theories on culture and civilization part 4
  • Could American psychology have a major Native American influence?
  • Jared Diamond’s ‘Guns, Germs and Steel’ Part 1 – Out of Eden
  • Jared Diamond’s ‘Guns, Germs and Steel’ Part 2 – Conquest and the Tropics
  • Joseph Campbell puts culture and society in perspective
  • Reflection of Cultural Perspectives Through Gardening
  • Psychology: An introduction to the use of psychology in understanding culture and society
  • Having More Than One Head... Do Myths, Such As Medusa, Contain Slivers of Truth?
  • How Can Psychiatrists Be Allowed To Prescribe A Physical Substance For A Mental Disease That Has No Biological Source?
  • Has The USA Become Like A Sort Of Disneyland?
  • American Lion: Andrew Jackson in The Whitehouse
  • Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (Book Review)
  • The Constitution Is A Liberal Document & The Founding Fathers Were Liberals
  • Our Title Comes Second. What We Are (CITIZENS) Comes First. - Obama

Learning & Education

  • Prelude to a new article series on education
  • Learning and Education With The 'Socratic Method'
  • The Power Of Your Brain: Brain Plasticity & IQ Enhancement
  • How Emotions Cloud Judgement: An Introduction To True Empathy
  • Introduction To NLP, It's Therapeutic Models & The 5 Minute Phobia Cure (With A Talk By Richard Bandler)
  • Basics of Body Language and Lie Detection
  • Book Review: What Is Intelligence? - The Flyn Effect
  • Problems With The "No Child Left Behind" Act In 3 Interviews
  • Education Part 1 - The Problem Of Psychiatric Drugs
  • How Can Psychiatrists Be Allowed To Prescribe A Physical Substance For A Mental Disease That Has No Biological Source?
  • The Fragmentation of Knowledge Part 1 [Or, The case against over-specialization in theory based academics]

Animals

  • Animals And Humans Share DNA, A Nervous System, Intelligence, Creativity And Emotions (Such As Empathy)
  • The Modern Dodo: Meet The Flightless Parrot Called The Kakapo
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Elephant Intelligence (They Can Paint, Count, Communicate etc.)
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Parrot Intelligence
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Raccoon Intelligence
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Whale Intelligence
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Dolphin Intelligence

Media's War On The People

  • Mainstream Media's War On The People Part 1: Treating Majority Views Of Democrats As Extreme & Extremist Views Of Republicans As Normal

Politics

  • Politics Update: The GOP & Fox News Take Domestic Terrorism To New Levels
  • After Helping Trump Lie & Deceive The People For Four Years, On Trump's Last Day, Mitch McConnell Pretends to Be Honorable After Avoiding To Impeach Trump For Treason, Again!
  • Trump's Top 100 Scandals That The Trump Presidential Library Is Going To Have To Explain Away
  • Tucker Carlson Is Going Out Of His Way To Help Trump Get People Sick With Coronavirus

GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series

  • Politics - Past Links 9
  • Seth Meyers: Trump And His Allies Are Lying In The Exact Same Ways The Bush Administration Lied Us Into A Catastrophic War In Iraq Nearly 17 years Ago
  • The Anti-Diplomacy And Anti-Deal Making Party: The GOP Used Bullying And Assassination To Start A War With Iran
  • The United States Of Russia: Why Is Trump Always Sucking Putin's Dick? And Why Are The GOP Joining Him? If You Can't Beat 'Em Join 'Em?
  • As Anti-American As A Party Can Get: Trump Sees Himself As A King And The GOP Are More Than Willing To Comply And Treat Him Like A King (Fighting A King Is What Created The USA In The First Place!)
  • Mitch McConnell: The Most Anti-American And Un-Constitutional Politician Of All Time?
  • Lindsey Graham's Hypocrisy On Impeachment Is Epic
  • Snapshot Of The Present: Colbert Calls The GOP "A Spineless Group of Self-Interested Toadies Who Would Rather See The Country Destroyed Then Stand Up To An Out Of Control, Narcissistic Toddler."
  • A Snapshot Of The Modern Political & Media Structure Under A GOP President (With Seth Meyers)
  • GOP Hypocrisy...The Republicans Basic Argument Is: We Are Going To Hurt & Betray The Country But You Should Be Nice To Us... While We Lie & Incite Terror!
  • Republicans Demonstrate What "The Height Of Hypocrisy" Looks Like & Fox "News" Ignores It!
  • Republicans Demonstrate What "The Height Of Hypocrisy" Looks Like & Fox "News" Ignores It! PART DEUX: The Golf Edition
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 3: Using Taxpayer Money For Personal Use Like Communists & Dictators
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 4: Republican Hypocrisy On The Deficit Is Epic!
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 5: Roy Moore Hypocrisy & Deficit Hypocrisy Show GOP Stand For Nothing. Not Family Values. Not Fiscal Responsibility. Nothing. Except Maybe Pedophiles.
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 6: GOP & Fox News Helps Trump In Obstruction Of Justice Showing They Don't Care About The Rule Of Law... And Now, The Nation Is in A Constitutional Crisis!
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 7: The Executive Order & Dictator/Tyrant Hypocrisy
  • GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series Part 8: Being Civil To The Uncivil Would Be An Atrocity! Fearing the Backlash the Trump Administration Calls For Civility After Showing None Since The Campaigning Days!
  • GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series Part 9: The Supreme Court Hypocrisy & Why Approving Any Trump Nominee To The Supreme Court Is A Bad Idea!
  • GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series Part 10: Rule of Law Hypocrisy - More Evidence Of The GOP Obstructing Justice & Other Constitutional Abuses
  • GOP Latest Hypocrisy On Healthcare... Inspired By My Explanation Of Why Trump Won In 2016?

Civil Unrest Scale

Civil Unrest Scale
Click Image To Learn About The Economic Indicators Of Social Unrest

Full Movies Online

  • Action/Adventure: Into the Blue (2005)
  • Comedy: Dorm Troopers (Film/Movie)
  • Home | Horror Movie | Thriller | Drama Film
  • Sci Fi Movie: The Last Starship (2016)
  • Highlander | Action Movie | Sean Connery | Christopher Lambert | Full Film
  • Entertainment Past Links

Recommended Reading

Primitive Mythology By Joseph Campbell

Primitive Mythology By Joseph Campbell
Click Image To Learn More

Occidental Mythology By Joseph Campbell

Occidental Mythology By Joseph Campbell
Click Image To Learn More
Blogarama - The Blog Directory
Wutzle - Blog DirectoryWutzle - Blog DirectoryMy Blog Rating

Creative Mythology By Joseph Campbell

Creative Mythology By Joseph Campbell
Click Image To Learn More

Oriental Mythology By Joseph Campbell

Oriental Mythology By Joseph Campbell
Click Image To Learn More
Archivists Blog Directory
RSS Search
Blog Directory & Business Pages - OnToplist.com

Quotes


"Make peace with the universe. Take joy in it. It will turn to gold. Resurrection will be now. Every moment, a new beauty." - Rumi

"God is a metaphor for that which transcends all levels of intellectual thought. It's as simple as that." - Joseph Campbell

“If a problem is fixable, if a situation is such that you can do something about it, then there is no need to worry. If it's not fixable, then there is no help in worrying. There is no benefit in worrying whatsoever.” - Dalai Lama

“Be empty of worrying. Think of who created thought! Why do you stay in prison. When the door is so wide open?” ― Rumi

"Of all the animosities which have existed among mankind, those which are caused by difference of sentiments in religion appear to be the most inveterate and distressing, and ought most to be deprecated. I was in hopes that the enlightened and liberal policy, which has marked the present age, would at least have reconciled Christians of every denomination so far that we should never again see the religious disputes carried to such a pitch as to endanger the peace of society." - George Washington

Xmas

  • Santa's Surprise
  • Animation: Jack Frost (1934)
  • Animation: The Star Of Bethlehem
  • Animation: A Christmas Tree (1959)
  • The "War On Christmas"... Exposed!
  • Animation: The Christmas Visitor (1959)
  • Samantha Bee's 2018 Christmas Special
  • Christmas Cartoon: Christmas Night (1933)
  • Movie: Santa Clause Conquers the Martians
  • Christmas Special: Jon Stewart On Christmas
  • Christmas Carol - An Animated Movie (Cartoon)
  • Christmas Special 2017: The War On Christmas
  • "The War On Christmas" ... Exposed! (Part Deux)
  • Christmas Movie: A Christmas Without Snow (1980)
  • Christmas Sing-A-Long Cartoon: Snow Foolin' (1949)
  • Christmas Cartoon: Somewhere In Dreamland (1936)
  • Cartoon: Santa and the Three Bears (1970 - 45 mins)
  • Christmas Cartoon: Rudolph, The Red Nose Reindeer
  • Animation: Christmas Comes But Once A Year (Cartoon)
  • "The War On Christmas"... Exposed! (The Colbert Edition)
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 1
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 2
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 3
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 4
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 5
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 6
  • Christmas Special 2017: Happy Christmas With The President!
  • Animation: The Shanty Where Santa Claus Lives (1933 - Christmas Cartoon)
  • Comedy Central's Non-Denominational Christmas Special (S1Ep101) - Part 1
  • Comedy Central's Non-Denominational Christmas Special (S1Ep101) - Part 2
  • Comedy Central's Non-Denominational Christmas Special (S1Ep101) - Part 3
  • Old Silent Christmas Movies: The Night Before Christmas (1908) & The Christmas Angel (1904)
  • A Christmas Carol - Movie & Audio Books - The 1st Silent Film & 1st Audio Film Of A Christmas Carol

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      • History: The earliest evidence of culture
      • Psychology: An introduction to the use of psycholo...
      • Why I think the Japanese are going to come back st...
      • Introduction to Joseph Campbell
      • Daniel Quinn’s theories on culture and civilizatio...
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