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Apr 11, 2009

Saving by Laurence J. Kotlikoff

Entire Article From Encyclopedia of Economics:

Saving means different things to different people. To some, it means putting money in the bank. To others, it means buying stocks or contributing to a pension plan. But to economists, saving means only one thing—consuming less out of a given amount of resources in the present in order to consume more in the future. Saving, therefore, is the decision to defer consumption and to store this deferred consumption in some form of asset.

Saving is often confused with investing, but they are not the same. Although most people think of purchases of stocks and bonds as investments, economists use the term “investment” to mean additions to the real stock of capital: plants, factories, equipment, and so on.

Between 1990 and 2005, the annual rate of U.S. net national saving (net national income less private consumption expenditures less government consumption expenditures, all divided by net national income) averaged only 5.3 percent. In contrast, the nation’s saving rate was 7.6 percent in the 1980s, 10.3 percent in the 1970s, and 13.0 percent in the 1960s.

The 2004 rate of U.S. saving of just 2.2 percent is remarkably low, not only by U.S. standards, but also by international standards. Differences in how the statisticians in different countries define income and consumption make comparisons across nations difficult. But, corrected as well as possible for such data problems, America’s saving rate is significantly lower than that of other industrialized countries. This explains, in large part, why the United States has run a very large current account deficit (see International Trade) in recent years. The U.S. current account deficit measures the amount that foreigners invest in the United States net of what Americans invest abroad. Because Americans are not saving very much, they do not have much to invest in the United States, let alone abroad. Foreigners are making up the difference by investing heavily in the United States.

Why do countries save at different rates? Economists do not know all the answers. Some of the factors that undoubtedly affect the amount people save are culture, differences in saving motives, economic growth, demographics, how many people in the economy are in the labor force, the insurability of risks, and economic policy. Each of these factors can influence saving at a point in time and produce changes in saving over time.

Motives for Saving


The famous life-cycle model of Nobel laureate Franco Modigliani asserts that people save—accumulate assets—to finance their retirement, and they dissave—spend their assets—during retirement. The more young savers there are relative to old dissavers, the greater will be a nation’s saving rate. Most economists believed for decades that this life-cycle model provided the main explanation of U.S. saving. But in the early 1980s, Lawrence H. Summers of Harvard and I showed that saving for retirement explains less than half of total U.S. wealth. Most U.S. wealth accumulation is saving that is ultimately bequeathed or given to younger generations. The motive for bequests and gifts from older to younger Americans is unclear. A very large component of the bequests may be unplanned, simply reflecting the fact that many people do not spend all their savings before they die. In this case, people save to consume, not bequeath, but end up bequeathing nonetheless.

In recent years, a much larger fraction of the retirement savings of the American elderly has been annuitized. That is, the savings take the form of company pensions or Social Security that pay regular checks until death, with no payments after the person dies. Having your retirement finances come in the form of an annuity eliminates the risk of living longer than your money lasts. One possible result of the increased annuitization of retirement assets may be that people, especially those who have already retired, have less incentive to save more in case they “live too long.”

The precautionary motive—that is, the motive to save in order to be prepared for various future risks—is one of the key reasons people save. Besides the risk of living longer than expected, people save against more mundane risks, such as losing their job or incurring large uninsured medical expenses. Computer simulation studies show that the amount of precautionary saving can be very sensitive to the availability of insurance against these and other kinds of risks. For example, the decision not to insure low-risk but high-cost health expenditures such as nursing-home care can lead to a 10 percent increase in national saving.

Another issue related to motives and preferences for saving is the role of the rich in generating aggregate saving. Do rich Americans account for most of U.S. saving? Not really. Relative to their incomes, some of the rich save a lot, and some dissave. So, too, for the poor. There is considerable mobility of wealth in the United States, at least over long periods of time (see human capital). The fact that the ranks of the rich are continually changing suggests that some of those who are initially rich dissave and dissipate their wealth, while others who are not initially rich save considerable sums and become rich. Former heavyweight champion Michael Tyson, for example, grossed an estimated $400 million during the heyday of his boxing career but ended up declaring bankruptcy. Sam Walton, who started Wal-Mart, started life in poverty and ended as one of the richest people in the world.
Economic Growth and Demographic Change

A country’s saving rate and its economic growth are closely connected. This follows from the life-cycle model. If there are more young people around than old people because the population is growing, there will be more workers saving for their retirement than there will be retirees who are dissaving, that is, spending down their assets. This will leave overall net saving positive. The higher the population growth, other things equal, the higher will be the saving rate. The same is true of technical change. Suppose there are the same number of young people around as old people, but the young earn more than did the old because of technological change. Then the young will save more than the old dissave, which, again, will imply a positive saving rate.

In an economy not experiencing growth in technology or population, one would expect, at least in the long run, saving to be zero, with the exception of the saving needed to replace depreciating capital. If there is no engine for growth, in the long run the saving the young do for retirement, to leave bequests, or for any other reason would exactly offset the dissaving of retirees, leaving the economy’s total saving at zero. The economy would have positive assets (claims to capital) but would experience no increase or decrease in the level of these assets over time.

That an economy’s overall long-run saving rate is zero does not mean that no one saves or dissaves. Rather, it means that the positive savings of those accumulating assets exactly balance the negative savings of those decumulating assets. For growing economies, long-run saving is likely to be positive to ensure that the stock of capital assets keeps pace with the number and productivity of workers.

Recent years have seen a large increase in the number of workers and in productivity per worker. The increase in the number of workers is due to baby boomers entering the workforce. The increase in productivity is due to the fact that baby boomers are in their peak years of productivity, and also due to a growing capital stock and to technological improvement, especially in information and communications technology. The fact that these factors did not suffice to raise U.S. saving rates means that other forces, to be discussed below, reduced national saving.
Labor-Supply Decisions

National saving is the difference between national income and national consumption. Labor income represents about three-quarters of national income. So changes in labor income, if not accompanied by equivalent changes in consumption, can greatly affect an economy’s saving rate. Take, for example, the recent remarkable increase in U.S. female labor force participation. In 1975 half of the women age twenty-five to forty-four participated in the labor force; by 1988 more than two-thirds were in the labor force. This increase in the female labor supply is a major reason, if not the main reason, for the rise in U.S. per capita income since 1975.

If the additional net-of-tax income these women earned had all been saved, the U.S. saving rate after 1980 would have exceeded 20 percent. Because much of the increase in labor supply was by women age eighteen to thirty-five, particularly married women, one would expect them to have saved some portion of that income for their old age. Assuming this did occur, we need to look elsewhere to understand the puzzle of why U.S. saving fell.

Adding to the puzzle is the ongoing increase in the expected length of retirement. More and more Americans, particularly men, are retiring in their late fifties and early sixties. At the same time, life expectancies continue to rise. Today’s thirty-year-old male can expect to live to age seventy-six, 5.3 years longer than the typical thirty-year-old could expect in 1960. If he retires at age fifty-five, today’s thirty-year-old will spend almost half of his remaining life in retirement. Economic models of saving suggest that aggregate saving should depend strongly and positively on the length of retirement. Thus, with the retirement age decreasing and life expectancy increasing, economists would expect people to save a lot more—not a lot less.

Economic Policy

Government policy also can have powerful effects on a nation’s saving. To begin with, governments are themselves large consumers of goods and services. In the United States, federal, state, and local governments account for more than one-fifth of all national consumption. More government consumption spending does not, however, necessarily imply less national saving. If the private sector responds to a one-dollar increase in government consumption by reducing its own consumption by one dollar, aggregate saving remains unchanged.

The private sector’s consumption response depends critically on who pays for the government’s consumption and how the government extracts these payments. If the government assigns most of the tax burden to future generations by borrowing in the present and repaying principal plus interest on the borrowing in the future, current generations will have little reason, other than concern for their offspring, to reduce their consumption expenditures.

If current generations are forced to pay for the government’s spending, the size of the private-sector consumption response will vary according to which generation foots the bill. The older the people who are taxed, the larger will be the reduction in consumption. The reason is that older people, being closer to the ends of their lives, consume a higher share of their remaining lifetime resources than do younger ones. Thus, taxing retirees, say, instead of forty-year-old workers, will reduce private-sector consumption and increase national saving.

Finally, different taxes have different incentive effects. For example, the government might raise its funds with taxes on capital rather than taxes on labor income. By lowering the after-tax return to saving, taxes on capital income discourage saving for future consumption and thus reduce saving.
Explaining the Decline in U.S. Saving

What explains the recent decline in U.S. saving? One cause that can quickly be dismissed is increased government consumption. In the 1960s, when the national saving rate was 13.0, the ratio of government consumption to national income was 18.6 percent. Since the 1990s, the government’s consumption rate has been 17.5 percent but the saving rate has averaged only 5.5 percent.

Could disincentives to save be responsible for the decline in U.S. saving? Not likely. Marginal personal tax rates on taxable capital income have fallen dramatically over the past two decades. In addition, the effective marginal tax on capital income earned on saving done within a retirement account, such as an Individual Retirement Account, is zero.

The main explanation for the decline in national saving appears to be the major and ongoing government policy of taking an ever larger share of resources from young and future Americans and giving them to older Americans. Because the elderly are close to the ends of their lives and have much higher propensities to consume than younger people and the unborn, redistributing from young and future U.S. generations to older generations raises national consumption and lowers national saving.

The distribution of resources across generations arises through a host of fiscal policies, including deficit finance, the pay-as-you-go finance of Social Security and Medicare benefits, shifts in the tax structure away from consumption and capital income taxation toward wage taxation, and even capital depreciation and expensing provisions. In recent decades, increased distribution to the current elderly has come primarily in two forms. The first is giving the elderly additional medical benefits under the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The elderly receive these benefits in kind, which means the only way they can get the benefits is to use them; one cannot “save” a Medicare payment. The second is cutting the taxes the elderly pay.

The Implications of Low Saving for Baby Boomers

Americans used to save at a fairly high rate. As a consequence, the collective stock of U.S. wealth holdings is still quite large—roughly thirty-five trillion dollars. This is enough to finance all Americans’ consumer expenditures for about five years. But about 60 percent of this wealth is owned by people who are fifty or older, who appear to be spending a good deal of it on themselves. If the elderly do end up spending rather than bequeathing the bulk of existing U.S. wealth, will younger Americans, particularly baby boomers, accumulate enough savings to maintain the standard of living they currently enjoy in their old age?

Based on current evidence, the answer appears to be no. Compared with their parents, baby boomers can expect to retire earlier, live longer, rely less on inheritances, receive less help from their children, experience slower real wage growth, face higher taxes, and replace a smaller fraction of their preretirement earnings with Social Security retirement benefits. Unless baby boomers change their saving habits substantially and relatively quickly, they may experience much higher rates of poverty in their old age than those currently observed among U.S. elderly.
Posted by Abe at 5:37 PM
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  • Could American psychology have a major Native American influence?
  • Jared Diamond’s ‘Guns, Germs and Steel’ Part 1 – Out of Eden
  • Jared Diamond’s ‘Guns, Germs and Steel’ Part 2 – Conquest and the Tropics
  • Joseph Campbell puts culture and society in perspective
  • Reflection of Cultural Perspectives Through Gardening
  • Psychology: An introduction to the use of psychology in understanding culture and society
  • Having More Than One Head... Do Myths, Such As Medusa, Contain Slivers of Truth?
  • How Can Psychiatrists Be Allowed To Prescribe A Physical Substance For A Mental Disease That Has No Biological Source?
  • Has The USA Become Like A Sort Of Disneyland?
  • American Lion: Andrew Jackson in The Whitehouse
  • Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (Book Review)
  • The Constitution Is A Liberal Document & The Founding Fathers Were Liberals
  • Our Title Comes Second. What We Are (CITIZENS) Comes First. - Obama

Learning & Education

  • Prelude to a new article series on education
  • Learning and Education With The 'Socratic Method'
  • The Power Of Your Brain: Brain Plasticity & IQ Enhancement
  • How Emotions Cloud Judgement: An Introduction To True Empathy
  • Introduction To NLP, It's Therapeutic Models & The 5 Minute Phobia Cure (With A Talk By Richard Bandler)
  • Basics of Body Language and Lie Detection
  • Book Review: What Is Intelligence? - The Flyn Effect
  • Problems With The "No Child Left Behind" Act In 3 Interviews
  • Education Part 1 - The Problem Of Psychiatric Drugs
  • How Can Psychiatrists Be Allowed To Prescribe A Physical Substance For A Mental Disease That Has No Biological Source?
  • The Fragmentation of Knowledge Part 1 [Or, The case against over-specialization in theory based academics]

Animals

  • Animals And Humans Share DNA, A Nervous System, Intelligence, Creativity And Emotions (Such As Empathy)
  • The Modern Dodo: Meet The Flightless Parrot Called The Kakapo
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Elephant Intelligence (They Can Paint, Count, Communicate etc.)
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Parrot Intelligence
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Raccoon Intelligence
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Whale Intelligence
  • Incredible Animals: A Look At Dolphin Intelligence

Media's War On The People

  • Mainstream Media's War On the People Part 2 - Applying Double Standards To Leadership That Helps Republicans Obstruct The Democrats Majority But Don't Allow The Democrats To Do The Same To The GOP Minority
  • Mainstream Media's War On The People Part 1: Treating Majority Views Of Democrats As Extreme & Extremist Views Of Republicans As Normal
  • Mainstream Media's War On The People: Media Silence On Fox News & The GOP's Continued Incendiary Rhetoric, Given The Insurrection, Indicates Complicity
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 10 (Making A Few Bad Apples Seem Like The Whole Apple Grove)
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 9 (Promoting A Fundamentalist Domestic Terror Group)
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 8 (Helping Cover Up GOP Discrimination Against Jews)
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 7
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 6
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 5
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 4
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 3
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 2
  • How Mainstream Media Helps The Republicans Lie To The People - Part 1
  • Media Matters Proves Corporate Media's Journalists Aren't Real Journalists
  • Mainstream Media Is Markedly Pro-Right Wing Lies
  • Mainstream Media Is Markedly Pro-Right Wing Lies - Part 2
  • Media Matters: NY Times Shouldn't Treat Matters Of Facts As Opinions, And Opinions Shouldn’t Be Treated As Matters Of Fact
  • We Know That Most People Only Read Headlines So Is Mainstream Media Being Incredibly Stupid Or Are They Intentionally Pushing Untruths?
  • Washington Post & NY Times Buried The Lead - And The Facts - With A Pro-Republican Lies Push On A Coronavirus Bill
  • CNN's "Civility" Argument Shows CNN Anchors/Hosts Can't Put Facts In Context Of What's Going On!
  • The Ultimate Proofs That Fox News Is Basically Just A Group Of White Supremacists/Nationalists/Nazis

Politics

  • Fox Used To Pretend It Was Part News And Part Opinion. That Pretense Is Over. Now Its Lies All the Time.
  • After Helping To Cancel 500,000 Lives With Coronavirus Misinformation, Fox News Conservatives Go On TV To Complain About Cancel Culture
  • For Fox News, Mass Murder In The U.S. Was Just The Cost Of Doing Business
  • Congratulations To Fox News For Winning The Misinformer Of The Year Award!
  • Fox News Merged With The Trump Administration And Showed Up What They Are Made Of Over The Last 4 Years
  • With Democrats in Control of the White House, House and the Senate They Must Get Rid Of The Filibuster Or Choose Undemocratic Minority Rule
  • Daily Show & Colbert Report Prove That Fox News Is Fake News
  • Daily Show: Jordan Klepper vs. Trump Supporters
  • Trump's Legacy: A Look At The January 6th Insurrection And Attempted Coup By Trump/GOP/FoxNews
  • Hypocrisy On Display: Ted Cruz Demonstrates What He Stands For (Texas Winter Power Outage 2021)
  • Texas Winter Power Outage 2021: GOP And Fox News Lie And Demonize To Hide Their Economic Incompetence
  • Mitch McConnell Pretends to Be Honorable After Avoiding To Convict Trump For Treason Again, Again!
  • Highlights Of Trump's Acquittal With Late Night Hosts (2nd Senate Trial)
  • Highlights Of The Second Impeachment Trial's Case Against Trump With Late Night Hosts
  • The Rights War On The Left - A Walk Through Some Of The Intimidation/Bullying/Terror Tactics Fox News Uses
  • The Rights War On The Left (Blaming The Left For Everything Is A Standard Tactic Of GOP & Fox News)
  • The Real Divide In America Is Establishment VS Non/Anti-Establishment ("We The People") - With Robert Reich
  • Politics Update: The GOP & Fox News Take Domestic Terrorism To New Levels
  • GOP, Fox News & Right Wing Media Are Waging War On Rule Of Law
  • Class Warfare: How The GOP, Fox News & Billionaires Make Nonsense Sound Like Common Sense
  • Lou Dobbs: One Of The Creepiest Authoritarian Style Newsperson From Fox News Was Just Fired Because Of A Multi Billion Lawsuit Against Fox For Its Lies
  • After Helping Trump Lie & Deceive The People For Four Years, On Trump's Last Day, Mitch McConnell Pretends to Be Honorable After Avoiding To Impeach Trump For Treason, Again!
  • Trump's Top 100 Scandals That The Trump Presidential Library Is Going To Have To Explain Away
  • Tucker Carlson Is Going Out Of His Way To Help Trump Get People Sick With Coronavirus
  • Joe Biden's Vote For The Iraq War Proves He Lacks Leadership Qualities That Are Needed To Run A Country (Such As The Ability To Tell Right From Wrong, i.e. Biden Is Incompetent, At The Very Least)

GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series

  • Seth Meyers: Trump And His Allies Are Lying In The Exact Same Ways The Bush Administration Lied Us Into A Catastrophic War In Iraq Nearly 17 years Ago
  • The Anti-Diplomacy And Anti-Deal Making Party: The GOP Used Bullying And Assassination To Start A War With Iran
  • The United States Of Russia: Why Is Trump Always Sucking Putin's Dick? And Why Are The GOP Joining Him? If You Can't Beat 'Em Join 'Em?
  • As Anti-American As A Party Can Get: Trump Sees Himself As A King And The GOP Are More Than Willing To Comply And Treat Him Like A King (Fighting A King Is What Created The USA In The First Place!)
  • Mitch McConnell: The Most Anti-American And Un-Constitutional Politician Of All Time?
  • Lindsey Graham's Hypocrisy On Impeachment Is Epic
  • Snapshot Of The Present: Colbert Calls The GOP "A Spineless Group of Self-Interested Toadies Who Would Rather See The Country Destroyed Then Stand Up To An Out Of Control, Narcissistic Toddler."
  • A Snapshot Of The Modern Political & Media Structure Under A GOP President (With Seth Meyers)
  • GOP Hypocrisy...The Republicans Basic Argument Is: We Are Going To Hurt & Betray The Country But You Should Be Nice To Us... While We Lie & Incite Terror!
  • Republicans Demonstrate What "The Height Of Hypocrisy" Looks Like & Fox "News" Ignores It!
  • Republicans Demonstrate What "The Height Of Hypocrisy" Looks Like & Fox "News" Ignores It! PART DEUX: The Golf Edition
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 3: Using Taxpayer Money For Personal Use Like Communists & Dictators
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 4: Republican Hypocrisy On The Deficit Is Epic!
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 5: Roy Moore Hypocrisy & Deficit Hypocrisy Show GOP Stand For Nothing. Not Family Values. Not Fiscal Responsibility. Nothing. Except Maybe Pedophiles.
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 6: GOP & Fox News Helps Trump In Obstruction Of Justice Showing They Don't Care About The Rule Of Law... And Now, The Nation Is in A Constitutional Crisis!
  • Height Of Hypocrisy 7: The Executive Order & Dictator/Tyrant Hypocrisy
  • GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series Part 8: Being Civil To The Uncivil Would Be An Atrocity! Fearing the Backlash the Trump Administration Calls For Civility After Showing None Since The Campaigning Days!
  • GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series Part 9: The Supreme Court Hypocrisy & Why Approving Any Trump Nominee To The Supreme Court Is A Bad Idea!
  • GOP's Height Of Hypocrisy Series Part 10: Rule of Law Hypocrisy - More Evidence Of The GOP Obstructing Justice & Other Constitutional Abuses
  • GOP Latest Hypocrisy On Healthcare... Inspired By My Explanation Of Why Trump Won In 2016?

9/11

  • BREAKING: "WTC 7 Did Not Collapse from Fire" Dr. Leroy Hulsey... Engineering Experts, 9/11 Families And A Former NIST Employee Call On Congress To Launch A New Investigation Into 9/11!
  • 9/11 News: Video Shows How World Trade Center Building # 7 Fell And How Badly The NIST Got The Modeling Of The Collapse Wrong
  • The Deep State Red Herring: Created By Alex Jones & Picked Up By The Others To Blame All Of Trump's Crimes On A Fictional Enemy
  • The Evidence Of Molten Metal, Explosions And Building Architecture That Proves Explosives Were Used On 9/11
  • Visual Analysis: The Plane That Hit The Pentagon On 9/11 Was Too Small To Be A Passenger Jet But Not Too Small To Be a Drone
  • The Explosive Testimony Of The 9/11 Firefighters & Other 9/11 Truth Heroes
  • 9/11 Analysis: The Strange FBI 9/11 Attack Photos That Would Have Provoked An Inquiry On ANY TV Detective Show But Not In Real Life
  • 9/11 - The Day The Earth Turned To Water: The Flight 93 & Pentagon Debris Pattern Resembles A Plane Crash At Sea Not On Land!
  • Lawsuit Filed Against The FBI For Its Failure To Incorporate Key Evidence In Its Report To Congress On The 9/11 Attacks
  • 9/11 Cognitive Dissonance: Who Cares How Hot Jet Fuel Burns? The Whole Building Wasn't Even On Fire, How Could The Steel AND Concrete Dissolve So Fast That It Collapses In Seconds Without Even Being On Fire?!
  • 9/11 News: University of Alaska Fairbanks Study Finds Fire Did Not Cause Building 7’s Collapse on 9/11
  • 9/11 News: Majority Who See Building 7's Collapse Suspect Explosives
  • 9/11 News: Architects and Engineers Explain the Mystery of Building 7 (Ed Asner Narrates)
  • 9/11 History: The "Free Press" Ended A Long Time Ago (Or Maybe It Has Just Been Compromised By Stockholms Syndrome Since 9/11 By The GOP?)
  • An Exclusive Look At The 9/11 Terrorists In Their Den On 9/11: Pictures Of Dick Cheney Admiring His Handiwork On 9/11
  • 9/11 Mysteries: The Mystery Of The Magical Passport
  • 9/11 History: The Repeated Calls To Reopen The Investigation Into 9/11 Ignored!
  • Support The Bobby McIlvaine Act To Start A New Investigation Into Official Unscientific Stories Of 9/11
  • Update: Professional Engineers & Architects From AE911truth.org Continue To Debunk The Unscientific Official Story Of 9/11

Civil Unrest Scale

Civil Unrest Scale
Click Image To Learn About The Economic Indicators Of Social Unrest

Recommended Reading

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Quotes


"Make peace with the universe. Take joy in it. It will turn to gold. Resurrection will be now. Every moment, a new beauty." - Rumi

"God is a metaphor for that which transcends all levels of intellectual thought. It's as simple as that." - Joseph Campbell

“If a problem is fixable, if a situation is such that you can do something about it, then there is no need to worry. If it's not fixable, then there is no help in worrying. There is no benefit in worrying whatsoever.” - Dalai Lama

“Be empty of worrying. Think of who created thought! Why do you stay in prison. When the door is so wide open?” ― Rumi

"Of all the animosities which have existed among mankind, those which are caused by difference of sentiments in religion appear to be the most inveterate and distressing, and ought most to be deprecated. I was in hopes that the enlightened and liberal policy, which has marked the present age, would at least have reconciled Christians of every denomination so far that we should never again see the religious disputes carried to such a pitch as to endanger the peace of society." - George Washington

Xmas

  • Santa's Surprise
  • Animation: Jack Frost (1934)
  • Animation: The Star Of Bethlehem
  • Animation: A Christmas Tree (1959)
  • The "War On Christmas"... Exposed!
  • Animation: The Christmas Visitor (1959)
  • Samantha Bee's 2018 Christmas Special
  • Christmas Cartoon: Christmas Night (1933)
  • Movie: Santa Clause Conquers the Martians
  • Christmas Special: Jon Stewart On Christmas
  • Christmas Carol - An Animated Movie (Cartoon)
  • Christmas Special 2017: The War On Christmas
  • "The War On Christmas" ... Exposed! (Part Deux)
  • Christmas Movie: A Christmas Without Snow (1980)
  • Christmas Sing-A-Long Cartoon: Snow Foolin' (1949)
  • Christmas Cartoon: Somewhere In Dreamland (1936)
  • Cartoon: Santa and the Three Bears (1970 - 45 mins)
  • Christmas Cartoon: Rudolph, The Red Nose Reindeer
  • Animation: Christmas Comes But Once A Year (Cartoon)
  • "The War On Christmas"... Exposed! (The Colbert Edition)
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 1
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 2
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 3
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 4
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 5
  • Christmas Special: Stephen Colbert On Christmas - Part 6
  • Christmas Special 2017: Happy Christmas With The President!
  • Animation: The Shanty Where Santa Claus Lives (1933 - Christmas Cartoon)
  • Comedy Central's Non-Denominational Christmas Special (S1Ep101) - Part 1
  • Comedy Central's Non-Denominational Christmas Special (S1Ep101) - Part 2
  • Comedy Central's Non-Denominational Christmas Special (S1Ep101) - Part 3
  • Old Silent Christmas Movies: The Night Before Christmas (1908) & The Christmas Angel (1904)
  • A Christmas Carol - Movie & Audio Books - The 1st Silent Film & 1st Audio Film Of A Christmas Carol

Full Movies Online

  • Action/Adventure: Into the Blue (2005)
  • Comedy: Dorm Troopers (Film/Movie)
  • Home | Horror Movie | Thriller | Drama Film
  • Sci Fi Movie: The Last Starship (2016)
  • Highlander | Action Movie | Sean Connery | Christopher Lambert | Full Film
  • Entertainment Past Links

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